🚨 OpenTofu Error: 'Inconsistent dependency lock file' — Cause, Fix, and Troubleshooting Guide

What this error means

OpenTofu pins the exact provider versions and checksums it selected in .terraform.lock.hcl. On every later run it enforces that lock. If your configuration now needs a provider or version the lock does not cover — or the lock has no checksum for the current OS/arch — tofu init stops:

Error: Inconsistent dependency lock file

The following dependency selections recorded in the lock file are inconsistent
with the current configuration:
  - provider registry.opentofu.org/hashicorp/aws: locked version selection
    5.40.0 doesn't match the updated version constraints "~> 5.60"

To update the locked dependency selections to match a changed configuration,
run:
  tofu init -upgrade

When it appears

• tofu init (or plan/apply) fails with Inconsistent dependency lock file.
• The message names a provider whose locked version no longer satisfies required_providers.
• A variant reports no matching checksum for the current platform (linux_amd64 in CI, darwin_arm64 locally).
• It surfaces right after editing constraints, adding a provider, or moving between macOS and Linux/CI.

Configuration causes

• Constraint changed — you edited required_providers but did not refresh the lock.
• New provider added with no entry in the lock file.
• Missing platform hashes — the lock was generated on one platform and lacks checksums for CI’s.
• Lock not committed — CI regenerates a different selection than local.
• Manual edits to .terraform.lock.hcl left it internally inconsistent.

Validating the configuration

Read exactly which provider/constraint is inconsistent:

tofu init 2>&1 | sed -n '1,30p'

Inspect the lock’s current selections against your constraints:

cat .terraform.lock.hcl
grep -nA6 "required_providers" *.tf

Show what OpenTofu believes it requires:

tofu providers

Resolution

Reconcile the lock with the configuration:

tofu init -upgrade

Make the lock portable across every platform your team and CI use, so no checksum is missing:

tofu providers lock \
  -platform=linux_amd64 \
  -platform=darwin_arm64 \
  -platform=linux_arm64

Confirm it is clean and reproducible:

tofu init && tofu providers

If a hand-edit corrupted the lock, delete it and regenerate rather than patching by hand:

rm .terraform.lock.hcl
tofu init

Keeping definitions valid

• Always commit .terraform.lock.hcl so local and CI resolve identical providers.
• Run tofu providers lock with every platform you deploy from; a single-platform lock breaks in CI.
• After changing required_providers, run tofu init -upgrade and commit the lock in the same change.
• Never hand-edit the lock file — regenerate it.
• Review lock diffs in code review; a surprise version bump is worth a second look.

Related configuration errors

• OpenTofu Error: ‘Failed to query available provider packages’ — Cause, Fix, and Troubleshooting Guide
• OpenTofu Error: ‘Module not installed’ — Cause, Fix, and Troubleshooting Guide
• OpenTofu Error: ‘Invalid legacy provider address’ — Cause, Fix, and Troubleshooting Guide